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The Effect of The Pesticides Chlorpyrifos and
Alphacypermethrin
on The Development of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Lesion in BALB/c Mice
Asya N. Al-Dawood*, Galila M. Khalil and May H. Al-Jaser
Department of Zoology, College of Science, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University,
Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
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Three groups of BALB/c mice were treated orally with 0.6, 1.0 and
6.0mg/kg body weight of chlorpyrifos (CPF), and 3 other groups were treated with
2.5, 6.25 and 25mg/kg bodyweight of alphacypermethrin (ACM), respectively, every
other day for 1 week. Six other groups were treated similarly for 2 weeks. The
treated groups and a control group for each pesticide were inoculated in the
dorsum with Leishmania major promastigotes at their stationary phase. Lesions
started to appear 2-3 weeks post-inoculation and their diameters were measured
in all groups 1, 5, 9 and 14 days post-appearance (PA). The mean diameter of
lesions (MDL) only in the 6.0mg group treated with CPF for 1 week was larger
than that of the control group. In the groups treated for 2 weeks, the MDL of
the 1.0 and 6.0mg groups were larger than those of the control group 5, 9 and 14
days PA while MLD of the 0.6mg group was larger than that of the control group
only 5 days PA. MLD was larger in the 0.6mg group treated for 2 weeks than that
in the group treated for 1 week 1 and 5 days PA. MLD was larger in the 1.0mg
group treated for 2 weeks than that treated for 1 week 9 days PA. MLD was
similar in the 6.0mg group treated for 1 and 2 weeks. The MDL only in the 25mg
group treated with ACM for 1 week was larger than that of the control group 9
and 14 days PA. The MDL of the 6.25 and 25mg groups treated for 2 weeks were
larger than those of the control groups 5 days PA and the MLD of the 25mg group
was larger than that of the control group 9 and 14 days PA. The MLD was larger
in the 2.5mg group treated for 2 weeks than that in the group treated for 1 week
5 days PA. The MLD was larger in the 6.25 and 25.0mg groups treated for 2 weeks
than those treated for 1 week 1 and 5 days PA. Immunotoxicity and/or peripheral
neurotoxicity caused by CPF and ACM might have caused aggravation of lesions in
mice particularly those treated with the pesticides for 2 weeks.
Key words: Chlorpyrifos, organophosphates, alphacypermethrin, synthetic
pyrethroids, Leishmania major lesion, cutaneous leishmaniasis, BALB/c mice.
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